Trends of Transnational Companies

Trends of Transnational Companies In our todays world transnational companies (TNCs) play a crucial role in global economy as they are one of the biggest economic institutions. In this essay, I will give an explanation of what transnational company actually is, describe the main trends of TNCs activity and express my own opinion about transnational companies future and compare it with the view of other views. To begin with, let me define the term of transnational company. It is important to give a correct definition of word, because there are different categories of companies, doing business in another country, such as multinational and international companies. So, TNC is a commercial enterprise with a very complex organization, that operates huge facilities, has a business more than in one country and whose external assets cover from 25 to 30 or even more percent of all volume of a company. There are more ways to explain the meaning of this term, but we will stop on this one. The history of transnational companies begins in 1118, when the Order of Knights Templars was founded. It was not actually TNC, but some kind of financial centre. In the year of 1135 they started to develop banking industry all over other countries. Officially, East India company is regarded as the very first transnational company, which was established in 1600. Now lets move on to identifying the main trends and role of transnational companies in our contemporary world. They act as a driving force of key processes of modern global economy. TNCs determine structure, dynamics, level of marketability of goods and services, controlling international capital flows and direct foreign investments. Because of its productive and financial possibilities, transnational companies maintain hold of high-tech industries, advancing technological growth of this sphere. They are becoming a significant force in a world economy, as their wide range of functions, starting from industrial processes and ending up to operations in investment, financial and trade policy, allows them to play a role of international regulator of production and distributor of goods and services. The biggest TNCs have even established supremacy over world trade market and in leading fields of economy. Moreover, transnational companies transform world economy into an international manuf acturing, providing boost of technological advance in all directions quality of goods, efficiency of production, improvement of forms of management and directing enterprises. Number of TNCs is rapidly growing: in 1970 there were about 7300 TNCs, whole turn-round was $626 million a year. At the beginning of 1990s, their amount grew to 37000 with turn-round of $7 billion a year. Finally, in 2012 there are 82000 transnational companies with $30 trillion turn-round.[1] Such a growth can be explained by bunch of reasons. For example, competition between companies, forcing to decrease charges and at the same time increasing scales of producing and introducing new technologies, searching for a cheap labour power and new markets. Importance of TNCs in international meaning is increasing. Core of global economic system consists of about 100 transnational companies, which are controlling almost unlimited economic power and capturing two-thirds of international capital flows. Practically all the biggest TNCs, if they will be divided by national implement apply for so called ternary three economic centers of our planet USA, EU and Japan. But for a last few years there is a tendency of less developed countries to develop their own transnational companies all over the world. Sectorial division of TNCs is very diverse: 60% of companies specialise in manufacturing sphere, 37% in tertiary sector and only 3% in extractive industry and agriculture. Also, there are 77 million employed people involved in TNCs sphere worldwide. Â   In my opinion, transnational companies encourage growth of industry, change structure of national economy and improve position of states in international division of labour and global economic relations. There is misbelief, that as a result of international operations of TNCs, one country will gain a profit and other will lose. In real life it is possible, but there is a huge chance that both countries will be the winners of situation. One more advantage of transnational companies is that they speed-up research and development sphere, that is why TNCs have an immense financial resources. Moreover, they mainly control export of manufactured goods, which is usually concentrated by a few large TNCs. Such an export scheme is typical of household and electronic industry, pharmaceutic and chemical goods. However, there are a lot of opponents of transnational companies rule: anti-globalists, alter-globalists and ecologic organizations. Anti-globalists, despite of their unfriendliness to globalization, assume that TNCs monopolize national market and destroy state sovereignty. They label actions of transnational companies to occupy local markets as economic war against citizens. In many countries, such as Russia, China and Canada there is a law, restricting actions of TNCs. Alter-globalists are actually not against economic globalization and transnational companies as well, but until they reach a power, which can be compared with power of states. Finally, last but not the least, economic organizations. I can provide you with example: Greenpeace. TNCs have so huge productive assets, that they can endanger local ecologic situation. That is why a lot of producing units are being transported to Third World countries. Drawing up a conclusion, transnational companies showed their ability to break isolation of national economies, involving them into single process with world economic society. They serve as a source of transferring new technologies, spreading information about new products and as a result, change of social preferences occurs. References: https://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/47068-a-brief-history-of-transnational-corporations.html A Brief History of Transnational corporations http://moluch.ru/archive/56/7687/ http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2012/07/focus-1 [1] http://moluch.ru/archive/56/7687/

Reflection Paper on the Climax in the Tell-Tale Heart

The Murderer versus the Murder Reflection Paper on â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Alan Poe A major aspect in this story is the climax, since in my opinion there is more than one. Which I believe is good since the story does not stop after the first climax, which is the murder; it seems to get even more suspenseful. Inevitably, the first climax is when the narrator, whose name and gender is unknown in the story, finally murders the old man after eight nights of planning. â€Å"There was no pulsation. He was stone dead.His eye would trouble me no more† (Poe 4). This is considered a climax since the murder was planned and we (the readers) were involved in each step of it due to Poe’s use of adjectives and repetition. After this climax, the story does not go into the falling action. Instead, it continues to be suspenseful as the cops show up in order to investigate the murder. It gets more intense when at first he was so confident that he would get away with the murder but then he begins to hear the heart beat and becomes paranoid. I smiled – for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome†¦ I fancied a ringing in my ears†¦ The ringing became more distinct: – it continued and became more distinct†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Poe 5). The narrator tried to hide the fact that he was so uncomfortable with their presence, as well as trying to speak louder in order to somewhat overbear the heat beating but the heart beats only grew louder and louder. â€Å"Dissemble no more! I admit the deed†¦ † (Poe 6).The previous extract from the story would very much demonstrate the second climax. Attention to all the details involved in this story may help the reader identify the climax, and in my opinion this story is about the murderer and his guilt rather than the murder itself. Therefore, I believe that the main climax occurs when the narrator admits to the cops that he murdered the old man. List of References: Angus, D. (1987 ). The best short stories of the modern age. Robbinsdale, MN: Fawcett. (Originally published in 1969)

Ethnocentrism, Stereotyping, and Prejudice Essay

I’ve spent most of the week searching and reading internet blogs, journals and electronic articles; thumbed through various dictionaries available at the library; scrutinized various metropolitan newspapers, to try to have a better understanding about ethnocentrism (1), stereotyping (2) and prejudice (3), and their meanings. I admit to this day, I walk away still confused. Why? After reading the definitions of each of these words, I’ve come to realize that their individual meanings are so near to that of racism (4) , profiling (5), or discrimination (6) – it is difficult to tell them apart. I decided to go back to a book that I read several months ago written by Dr. Mike S. Adams, Criminal Justice Professor at the University of North Carolina [ (Adams) ]. â€Å"†¦ I have been perplexed by the difficulty that many academics have with the proper use of such simple terms as racism, prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping. They are always getting them confused, while the terms are really quite simple. † Dr. Adams says †¦ â€Å"one needs to understand, differentiate between the three terms describing it â€Å"as easy as learning your ABC’s: ‘A’ stands for attitude, ‘B’ stands for behaviour, and ‘C’ stands for cognition. † Prejudice deals with negate attitudes; discrimination deals with negate behaviors. Though I must admit that after re-reading Dr. Adams’ book, I walk away with the sense that these three words, ultimately still have same meaning – discrimination. However, Dr. Adams’ logic regarding the ABC method does make some sense. Using his analogy, I considered recent events which took place in our town involving several police officers and an unconscious criminal suspect [ (Sims) ]. Though a jury determined that the officers were not guilty, it was evident from the various film footages shown, the suspect was thrown, from his vehicle and was unconscious when the five officers arrived on the scene and proceeded to beat him. Despite the suspect’s colour or status, I, along with many other viewers of different races, sects, etc. , felt that the officers violated the suspect’s civil rights. In my eyes, this was a blatant case of stereotyping, prejudice, and racism. I even tried to apply the ABC rule: ‘A’ being that the officers in pursuit of the suspect witnessed one of their own being nearly hit during the chase. They (police) immediately demonstrated their ‘white and authoritative’ powers. The officers had the attitude, that all black suspects are possibly armed and dangerous. We’ve a long way to go to remove labels and retrain people’s way of thinking regarding the accepting of others without consideration to their ethnic, cultural or social status. Works Cited Adams, Mike S. Dr. Welcome To The Ivory Tower of Babel: Confessions of a Conservative Professor. 2004. 16 February 2011 . Sims, Bob. â€Å"Birmingham News Blog. † 20 May 2009. 17 February 2011 . Encarta Dictionary (1) Ethnocentrism: a belief in or assumption of the superiority of the social or cultural group that a person belongs to. (2) Stereotyping: to categorize individuals or groups according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea. (3) Prejudice: an unfounded hatred, fear, or mistrust of a person or group, especially one of a particular religion, ethnicity, nationality, sexual preference, or social status. (4) Profiling: classification of persons based on personal information such as ethnicity, political view or behavioral patterns. (5) Racism: the belief that people of different races have different qualities and abilities, and that some races are inherently superior or inferior. (6) Discrimination: treating people differently through prejudice: unfair treatment of one person or group, usually because of prejudice about race, gender, age, religion or ethnicity.

Margaret Sanger s The Most Merciful Thing That A Family

Melanie Chiari February 9, 2016 Period 4 Margaret Sanger â€Å"The most merciful thing that a family does to one of its infant members is to kill it.† Sanger was against abortion she believed it was an evil practice they did on women. Margret Sanger was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term birth control, opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into what is today our go to clinic Planned Parenthood. After Margaret the world has increased its health recognition, for women, made contraceptives and protection a choice for all humans, last she introduced family change. About 70 years ago, a woman came by transforming the century for women. During her life she taught women many things. Lots know her as the â€Å"one girl revolution†. Mrs. Margaret Sanger. Margaret influenced and helped many. Though Margaret Sanger s revolution may be even more controversial now than back than during her 50-year career of national battles, her opinions can teach us many lessons. Knowing Sanger went through the destitution and needs she created theories of her own and beliefs. These beliefs had to do with health in women. Margaret had a passed where she experienced seeing many women hardships when they got pregnant. Just when Sanger was a kid she witnessed her mom undergo eighteen pregnancies. She only had elevenShow MoreRelatedEugenics and Planned Parenthood Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesone’s intelligence, race, and social class (Schweikart and Allen 529-532). The purpose of the society was to create the perfect class of men; elite in all ways. Likewise, Margaret Sanger’s feminist, contraceptive movement was not originally founded with this purpose. It was marketed as a way to control the population and be merciful to those yet to be born, again determined also by race and intelligence. The similarities in purpose actually brought the two organizations together to form a â€Å"liberating